IGNOU FST CHAPTER 25 Q1

Q)How can the technological advances in mass communication benefit the distance education system in India? Discuss.
Ans)The role of media in distance education needs specific mention. It is implied that teaching is done from a distance. It is also understood that education is imparted through correspondence, audio-visuals aids, like radio, television and telephone, besides personal contacts. As against a university which enrolls students of a similar age has definite time and is schedule, and is confined to a geographical area or a campus, and 'open university' can cater to all kinds of students-of various ages, living in different and even far paces, who wish to combine education with employment or work at home. It can provide a great variety of courses. Even the pace of learning would be different for the students enrolled in the same course. IGNOU is envisaged as an institution for the entire country. One of the principal objectives of this university is to provide education to those who have been denied opportunity for higher education, wither because they live in remote and rural areas or because of any other handicap, including financial constraints and family obligations.The study centres with audio visual and library facilities form an important part of the university. Here students can meet their academic counselor and discuss their difficuties. Support form radio and television is also important in distance learning.

IGNOU FST CHAPTER 22 Q1

Q)Enumerate the various practices for the prevention of disease in ancient and modern times.
Ans)Washing of hands before and after meals, daily bathing, not carrying footwear into living rooms, denial of permission to enter place where food is cooked, especially for persons who have not had a bath. These practices must have evolved through observations over a long period, that certain practices helped in preventing diseases. Isolation of mother and the new born, soon after delivery was a a common custom which also helped in preventing infection of the mother and the baby. Excavation of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa have revealed the existence of a covered drainage system and water supply. House drains emptied all waste water into the street drains. They also had arrangements for proper sanitation. Similarly, ancient civilizations of Egypt Greece and China had medical systems. Egyptians had arrangements for public baths and underground drainage.The use of mosquito nets and association of plague with rats were known to them. Hippocrates, the most illustrious Greek physician of the 5th century b.c. examined significance of climate water clothing eating and drinking to health. He was truly a man concerned with hygiene. The ancient Indian and Chinese system of medical care knew about immunization also.Inoculation with live small pox germs to prevent small pox was known to them.In 1848, England promulgated its public health act, which defined the role of the state in people's health and led to a great awareness about sanitary matters. In 1875 the Public Health Act defined the steps for a clean environment and clean water, surroundings houses and for control of offensive trades such as carrying of garbage or excreta. In this way, the spread of many diseases were controlled to a great extent. Clearing away decaying matter and dirt, removing breeding grounds for microbes which foul the air were taken up. However, these measures could not bring effective control of epidemics in urban areas. While these environmental measures were promoting health of people, specific measures to prevent disease in an individual or in the community were also being attempted.