IGNOU FST CHAPTER 30 Q1

Q)What is artificial intelligence?
Ans)A recent development in computer science is to endow computers with what is called "artificial intelligence". Normal computer can perform complicated calculations and solve logical problems. They can be programmed to play chess.But they have to be given a detailed program of action.They cannot play chess better than the person who made the program.Their only possible advantage is that many possible consequences of a move are quickly sorted to decide upon the actual move.But intelligence is not merely reasoning, it also involves grasping a situation and deciding about how to tackle it. Artificial or computer intelligence therefore requires a computer which can first learn the rule of any signal processing and then apply them to solve the related problem.

IGNOU FST CHAPTER 16 Q1

Q)How is photochemical smog formed and what are its effects?
Ans)Photochemical smog, a secondary pollutant, results when two pollutants, nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons found in automobile extracts, react with one another in the presence of sunlight to produce nitrogen dioxide, ozone and a compound called PAN(Peroxylacetyle Nitrate), which then appears as a Yellowish Brown Haze. Breathing ozone affects the respiratory and nervous system.It causes respiratory distress affects the eye membranes and simulates tears.It also causes headaches.Ozone damages rubber articles, textiles and discolors paintings. It has been found that smog is harmful to timber. PAN is especially damaging to plants. Plants exposed to PAN exhibit leaf mottling and reduced growth.